Ayurlogic

Tuberculosis (TB) : Exam point of view in detail  1. Definition Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs (Pulmonary TB) but can also affect other organs (Extrapulmonary TB). T B is the world's second most common cause of death from infectious disease after HIV /AIDS 2. Causative Agent Organism: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Type: Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Characteristics Rod-shaped bacterium Slow growing Resistant due to waxy cell wall Can remain dormant in body 3. Risk Factors Important factors increasing TB risk: HIV infection Diabetes mellitus Malnutrition Low body weight Silicosis End stage kidney disease Cancer and chemotherapy Leukemia Genetic susceptibility Immunosuppressive drugs Overcrowding Poor ventilation 4. Mode of Transmission Tuberculosis spreads mainly through the airborne route. When a person with active pulmonary TB coughs, sneezes, laughs, or talks, tiny droplets containing TB bacter...

Leprosy - a chronic infectious disease Introduction • Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease. It is both a medical and a social problem .Because of deformities & disability, it leads to social stigma. • Leprosy, also known as Hansen disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused mainly by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. • The disease predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Left untreated, the disease may cause progressive and permanent disabilities.   Historical Background • It is one of the oldest known disease. • It was first discovered by G.A Hansen in 1873. • The term "Leper" comes from a Greek word meaning scaly. • In Ayurveda it is described under Kushtha Roga, considered one of the most difficult to treat. • Many countries in Asia, Africa, and America with a significant number of cases. Epidemiology • Due to Multidrug Therapy (MDT), prevalence has reduced. • Still common in some Indian states:-  Uttarpradesh Bihar Odisha West Bengal ...

INTRODUCTION  * Diabetes mellitus (DM), is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.  * Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.  * If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complication Long-Term Complications   Heart Disease Heart Attack   Stroke   Chronic Kidney Failure   Foot Ulcer Infection & Gangrene   Eye Damage Diabetic Retinopathy Severe Diabetes Complications  Ketoacidosis (DKA) High Blood Sugar Ketones in Urine  Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma Extremely High Blood Sugar Severe Dehydration  Death   The number of people living with diabetes rose from 200 million in 1990 to 830 million in 2022. Prevalence has been rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries  In 2021, diabetes and kidney disease due to diabetes caused over 2 million deaths.   In addition, around 11% of cardiovascula...